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Synod of Rome (963) : ウィキペディア英語版
Synod of Rome (963)
The Synod of Rome (963) was a possibly uncanonical synod held in St. Peter’s Basilica from 6 November until 4 December 963, under the authority of the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I to depose Pope John XII. The events of the synod were recorded by Liutprand of Cremona.
==Background==
In the middle of 963, the Pope, John XII had been in communication with the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I regarding the emperor’s concerns over John’s pontificate, and the pope’s meddling in the conflict between Otto and Berengar II, King of Italy. When Otto learned that John had allowed Berengar’s son Adalbert into Rome, he marched on the city. After defending Rome and driving Otto back to the Tiber River, John fled the city and took refuge in Tibur. Otto then entered Rome on 2 November 963.〔Gregorovius, pp. 340–342〕 After forcing the clergy and nobles to swear that they would not ordain or even elect a pope without his or his son’s consent, on 6 November 963 Otto convened a synod in St. Peter’s for the purpose of deposing John XII.〔Mann, p. 257〕

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